Master Course Syllabus
for
GEL-120: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
Prerequisities: ENG 002, MAT 003
Corequisites: None
Class Hours: 3
Lab Hours: 2
Clinical/Work Hours: 0
Credit Hours: 4
Course Description
This course provides a study of the structure and composition of the earth's crust. Emphasis is placed on weathering, erosional and depositional processes, mountain building forces, rocks and minerals, and structural changes. Upon completion, students should be able to explain the structure, composition, and formation of the earth's crust.Student Learning Outcomes
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To understand the evolving image of the Earth’s position and shape.
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Describe how the use of scales helps in the observation of Earth.
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Discuss what the universe is and its formation.
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Explain how order is created from chaos.
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Discuss what the magnetic field is and how it affects the atmosphere.
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List the major components of Earth’s physical environment.
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Describe the theory of plate tectonics and list the three types of plate boundaries.
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Explain what the Earth’s layers are comprised of.
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Briefly discuss the evidence used by Alfred Wegener to support his theory of continental drift.
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Discuss Harry Hess’s contribution to the theory of sea floor spreading.
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Briefly explain the technology utilized in mapping the ocean floor.
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Discuss the geologic characteristics and features associated with passive and active continental margins.
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Explain the origin of submarine canyons, including the role of turbidity currents.
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Briefly discuss features of the deep-ocean basins, including deep-ocean trenches, abyssal plains, and seamounts.
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Understand the origin and significance of coral reefs and atolls.
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Discuss the types of sediment found on the seafloor, including terrigenous, biogenous, and hydrogenous sediment.
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Explain polar wandering and how it helped to renew interest in the idea of continental drift.
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Discuss geomagnetic reversals and seafloor spreading; and how each contributed to the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the 1960s.
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Briefly explain the theory of plate tectonics.
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Compare and contrast the distribution and geologic characteristics of tectonic plate boundaries, including divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.
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Discuss the evidence used to test the plate tectonics model including earthquakes, volcanoes, ocean drilling, and hot spots.
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Briefly explain how plate motions are measured.
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Discuss mantle convection and the various mechanisms proposed to explain plate motion.
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Explain the difference between a mineral and a rock.
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Describe the basic structure of an atom and explain how atoms combine.
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List the most important elements that compose Earth’s continental crust.
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Explain isotopes and radioactivity.
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Describe the physical properties of minerals and how they can be used for mineral identification.
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List the basic compositions and structures of the silicate minerals.
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List the economic use of some nonsilicate minerals.
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Distinguish between mineral resources, reserves, and ores.
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Identify fundamental rock forming minerals in-hand specimen.
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Describe how igneous rocks form.
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Explain the difference between magma and lava.
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List the two criteria that are used to classify igneous rocks.
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Describe how the rate of cooling of magma influences the crystal size of igneous rocks.
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Relate the mineral makeup of an igneous rock to Bowen’s reaction series.
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Describe the characteristics of basaltic and granitic rocks.
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Explain how economic deposits of gold, silver, and many other metals form.
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Identify hand specimens of igneous intrusive and extrusive rocks.
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List the processes on Earth that are continually removing materials from higher elevations and moving them to lower elevations.
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Describe the two types of weathering and the ways that they are different.
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Discuss the factors that determine the rate at which rock weathers.
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Describe soil and list the factors that control soil formation.
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Explain the concept of the soil profile and how it relates to soil formation.
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Discuss the characteristics of the soil horizons in a typical soil profile.
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List and briefly discuss the major soil types.
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Relate the process of weathering to the formation of some ore deposits.
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Briefly discuss how sediment is turned into sedimentary rock.
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Explain and briefly define the major types of detrital sedimentary rocks.
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Explain and briefly define the major types of chemical sedimentary rocks.
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List and briefly discuss the major sedimentary depositional environments.
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Discuss the single most common characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks.
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Describe the two broad groups of nonmetallic mineral resources.
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List the energy resources that are associated with sedimentary rocks.
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Identify in-hand specimen both detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks.
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Briefly discuss the concept of metamorphism and metamorphic rocks.
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List and discuss the agents of metamorphism including heat, pressure, and chemical fluids.
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Briefly discuss the importance and origin of metamorphic textures.
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Compare and contrast the various types of foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic textures.
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List and briefly define the common metamorphic rocks, both foliated and nonfoliated.
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Briefly discuss the various metamorphic environments found on Earth.
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Explain the concept of metamorphic zones including index minerals and metamorphic grade.
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Identify in-hand specimen both foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rocks.
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Discuss the differences between explosive and relatively mild volcanic activity.
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Discuss viscosity, silica content, volatiles, and temperature as each relates to magma composition.
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List the various materials erupted from volcanoes.
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Compare and contrast shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, and cinder cones.
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Discuss the hazards and features associated with explosive volcanic eruptions.
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Explain the origin of other landforms including calderas, necks, lava domes, and lava plateaus.
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Discuss igneous activity at divergent margins, subduction zones, and intraplate regions.
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List and describe the various types of plutonic igneous bodies.
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Explain the origin of earthquakes, including their relationship to faults.
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Briefly discuss elastic rebound and the accumulation of strain in rocks.
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Discuss seismology, including the characteristics and recording of earthquake waves.
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Understand the occurrence of earthquakes in relation to tectonic plate boundaries.
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Discuss the measurement of earthquake intensity and magnitude.
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Discuss the various types of destruction associated with earthquakes.
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Explain earthquake prediction in terms of both short-range and long-range forecasting.
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List and briefly explain the layers of the Earth defined by composition and physical properties.
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Briefly discuss Earth’s major boundaries, including the moho and the crust-mantle boundary.
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Discuss the composition of Earth’s layers.
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Explain the concept of deformation, including force, stress, and strain.
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Distinguish between brittle and ductile deformation.
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Discuss how temperature, confining pressure, rock type, and time all affect rock deformation.
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Discuss the folding of rocks, including the origin, characteristics, and some geographic examples of folding.
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Discuss the faulting of rocks, including the origin and stresses responsible for faults.
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Briefly discuss the origin and significance of joints.
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Briefly explain orogenesis and the concept of mountain building.
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Discuss mountain building associated with subducting plate boundaries, including a comparison of Aleutian-type and Andean-type mountain building.
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Explain mountain building associated with continent-continent collisions.
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Discuss vertical movements of Earth’s crust, including isostatic adjustment and mantle convection.
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Describe how geologic time is measured.
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Discuss why the study of geologic time is important.
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Recognize how our concept of geologic time and Earth’s age changed throughout human history.
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Know who James Hutton was and why he was important.
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Explain how Lord Kelvin almost overturned the uniformatarian foundation of geology.
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Discuss relative dating and why the principles of relative dating are important.
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List the six fundamental principles of relative dating.
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Define unconformities.
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List the three specific types of unconformities.
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Discuss how the principles of relative dating are applied to interpret the geologic history of an area.
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Explain what correlation is.
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Describe how subsurface units are correlated.
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Discuss why the discovery of radioactivity is important to geology.
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Define atoms, elements, and isotopes.
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Briefly discuss the fundamentals of radioactive decay.
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Describe some of the sources of uncertainty in radiometric dating.
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Understand fission-track dating.
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Describe the carbon-14 dating technique.
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Compare tree-ring dating to other dating methods.
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Explain the geologic time scale and how it was developed.
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Discuss how climate change and geologic time are linked.
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Discuss Earth’s primitive atmosphere and how it has evolved throughout geologic time.
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Understand the immensity of the Precambrian time and what organisms thrived.
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Describe the Paleozoic Era and the explosion of life.
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Discuss the Mesozoic Era and the history of the Age of the Dinosaurs.
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Understand why the Age of the Mammals (Cenozoic Era) occurred and how it is linked with the demise of the dinosaurs.
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Explain where energy sources are located in the Earth system.
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Discuss the formation, exploration, and storage of oil and natural gas.
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Understand what an oil trap is.
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Describe how coal forms.
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Compare nuclear power and other energy sources.
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Understand potential energy choices and consequences of their use.
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Discuss what metals are and their discovery.
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Describe ore minerals and deposits.
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Understand ore-mineral exploration and production.
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List examples of nonmetallic mineral resources.
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Discuss global needs for mineral resources.
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Discuss the relationship between mass wasting and landform development.
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List and briefly explain those factors which control and trigger mass movements.
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Compare and contrast the various categories of mass movements.
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List examples and briefly discuss mass movements based on the type of motion involved.
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Discuss the different rates of movement involved in mass wasting.
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List specific geographic examples of mass wasting including falls, slides, and flows.
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Discuss the characteristics of slower mass movements including creep and solifluction.
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Discuss observable phenomena that indicate mass wasting has occurred in a given area.
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Discuss and explain the hydrologic cycle on Earth.
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Briefly discuss the concept of streamflow including discharge and gradient.
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Explain the changes that occur from the head to the mouth of a stream.
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Briefly explain the concept of base level and graded streams.
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Compare and contrast the various mechanisms by which streams transport sediment.
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List and briefly describe the various types of stream deposits.
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Compare and contrast the characteristics of narrow and wide stream valleys.
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List and briefly describe the various types of drainage patterns.
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Briefly discuss flooding and flood control.
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Explain the formation and characteristics of waves.
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List and briefly define the various types of waves.
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Briefly, discuss the mechanism of wave erosion.
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Explain wave refraction and how it relates to longshore transport.
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Compare and contrast shoreline features, including their origin and occurrence.
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List and briefly discuss those factors that affect shoreline erosion.
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Compare and contrast the characteristics of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of the United States.
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Briefly discuss the formation of emergent and submergent coastlines.
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Understand the origin and characteristics of tides.
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Briefly discuss the importance of groundwater.
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Explain the distribution of underground water including the concept of the water table.
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Understand the interaction between groundwater and surface streams.
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List and briefly discuss those factors influencing the storage and movement of groundwater.
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Compare and contrast springs, hot springs, and geysers.
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List and discuss in some detail the major problems associated with groundwater withdrawal.
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Explain briefly the geologic work accomplished by groundwater.
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Discuss the main features associated with karst development.
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Explain the origin of the atmosphere of Earth.
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Briefly discuss the wind and global circulation in the atmosphere.
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Discuss how weather occurs.
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Understand the formation of storms.
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Describe the global climate.
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Explain the distribution and origin of dry regions on Earth.
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Briefly discuss the major geologic processes operating in arid climates.
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Discuss the evolution and features of the Basin and Range Province.
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Briefly explain the mechanisms of transporting sediment by wind.
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Discuss the processes involved in wind erosion.
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Compare and contrast the features produced by wind erosion.
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Compare and contrast the various types of sand dunes.
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Discuss the origin and geologic occurrence of loess.
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Compare and contrast the various types of glaciers.
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Briefly discuss the formation and movement of glaciers.
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Discuss the processes involved in glacial erosion.
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Compare and contrast those landforms produced by glacial erosion.
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Discuss the processes associated with glacial deposition.
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Compare and contrast those landforms produced by glacial deposition.
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Briefly explain the glacial theory and the development of ice ages.
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List and briefly explain some of the proposed causes of glaciation.
Academic Grading Policy
A | Excellent | 4 | Grade Points | Numerical grade of 90 - 100 |
B | Above Average | 3 | Grade Points | Numerical grade of 80 - 89 |
C | Average | 2 | Grade Points | Numerical grade of 70 - 79 |
D | Below Average | 1 | Grade Point | Numerical grade of 60 - 69 |
F | Failed | 0 | Grade Point | Numerical below 60 |
WP | Withdraw Passing | 0 | Grade Point | Issued if the course is dropped after the census date and on or before the 60% point of the course unless the instructor issues a WF based on extenuating circumstances |
WF | Withdraw Failing | 0 | Grade Point | Issued if the course is dropped after the 60% point of the course or the instructor chooses based on extenuating circumstances |
Grading Statement for the School of General Education
Current and final grades are calculated according to the method provided in the course syllabus. Faculty will keep course grades updated regularly in Blackboard, and any discrepancies* regarding grade calculations in the Blackboard Grade Center and the current (or final) grade reflected there will always revert to the course syllabus description. *It is the student's responsibility to regularly review their grades and schedule an appointment with the instructor to discuss any discrepancies noted.
Attendance Requirement for the School of General Education
Students are responsible for attending and actively participating in all classes whether online, hybrid, or seated. Punctual, consistent attendance and participation are important for class success and future endeavors. Students are responsible for communicating with the instructor if an absence is unavoidable. While this statement is applicable to all departments within the School of Academics, Education, and Fine Arts, some departments may further define attendance and participation expectations based on the curriculum requirements. It is the student's responsibility to withdraw from the course. Students may complete the withdrawal process in the Advising Center. Students may receive a grade of WP if they withdraw from a course by the 60% point/date of the course. Any student withdrawals that occur after the 60% point will result in a grade of WF. Exceptions to the "WF" grade may exist if the student has a mitigating circumstance. Students are encouraged to discuss withdrawal options with the faculty member and complete the withdrawal process in the Advising Center. Students who come in after the scheduled starting time or students who leave before the scheduled ending time will be counted as tardy. Three (3) tardy arrivals or early departures will count as one absence.Class Recordings
In some classes videoconferencing software will be used to record live class discussions. As a student in such classes, student participation in live class discussions will be recorded. These recordings will be made available only to students enrolled in the class, to assist those who cannot attend the live session or to serve as a resource for those who would like to review content that was presented. All recordings will become unavailable to students in the class when the class ends. Students who prefer to participate via audio only will be allowed to disable their video camera so only audio will be captured. Students should discuss this option with their instructors. The use of all video recordings will be in keeping with the Privacy Statement shown below.Privacy Statement
Assuring privacy among faculty and students engaged in online and face-to-face instructional activities helps promote open and robust conversations and mitigates concerns that comments made within the context of the class will not be shared beyond the classroom. As such, recordings of instructional activities occurring in online or face-to-face classes may be used solely for internal class purposes by the faculty member and students registered for the course, and only during the period in which the course is offered. Instructors who wish to make subsequent use of recordings that include student activity may do so only with informed written consent of the students involved or if all student activity is removed from the recording. Recordings including student activity that have been initiated by the instructor may be retained by the instructor only for individual use.Disability Statement
If you have a documented disability and wish to discuss academic accommodations, please contact the Counselor for Students with Disabilities and Special Programs located in room 429 of the Student Center. If you are a student with a mobility impairment and have a class in a multi-story building, please discuss evacuation plans with your instructor.Religious Observance Statement
Students shall be permitted excused absences from all classes two days per academic year for religious observances required by their faith. The absences requested in accordance with this policy are "one of" and not "in addition to" any absences otherwise permitted by the faculty for a class. The excused absence request must be submitted by the second class meeting and a minimum of two (2) weeks in advance of the absence. Please contact your instructor for the required forms.Academic Honesty Policy
Students at CVCC are expected to be honest in all academic pursuits, whether class, lab, shop, or clinical. Acts of academic dishonesty are considered unethical and subject to behavior sanctions. Examples of academic dishonesty include, but are not limited to the following:
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Sharing information about the content of quizzes, exams, classroom/lab/shop/clinical assignments (scheduled or make-up) without approval of the instructor including but not limited to unauthorized copying, collaboration, or use of notes, books, or other materials when preparing for or completing examinations or other academic assignments (scheduled or make-up).
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Buying, selling, or otherwise obtaining a copy of a quiz, exams, project, term paper, or like document, without approval of the instructor.
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Plagiarism, which is defined as the intentional representation of another person's work, words, thoughts, or ideas (from any source) as one's own.
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Failing to follow approved test taking procedures by performing such acts as:
- Looking on another student's test
- Use of unauthorized notes; written, electronic, or otherwise
- Changing answers after exam is scored
- Verbal, non-verbal, or electronic communication with another student during an exam
Instructors have the authority to impose either a warning, probation, or dismissal from the class for acts of academic dishonesty relative to classes under their supervision.
Students have an obligation to report any acts of academic dishonesty to the instructor or appropriate campus authority when reasonable grounds exist for such a report. Students also have a responsibility to cooperate in the investigation of any alleged acts of academic dishonesty. Failure to report acts of academic dishonesty could result in a behavior sanction as outlined in the Student Conduct Policy, Policy 3.18.
CVCC Emergency Procedures
To Report a Serious Emergency Dial 911 from any campus phone or 911 from mobile phones; then dial 711 (Campus Safety & Security) from a campus phone.
Safety & Security: S.E.L.F. Active Shooter Response Training Video
Lockdown
Quickly get all persons behind a locked door, close blinds, lock all windows/doors, and turn off lights. Sit against an interior wall away from windows and doors (hide). Keep cell phones ON in silent mode or vibrate. Do not leave the locked area until notified by a known CVCC administrator or by law enforcement that the emergency is over.
Seek Shelter (tornados, hurricanes, etc.)
Move to hallways and/or other inner rooms. Stay away from windows and doors. Sit on floor facing the inner wall and shield head with hands. Remain in shelter until notified by CVCC administration or by emergency personnel that the danger is over.
Building Evacuation
Leave the building immediately and proceed to a parking lot location at least 300 feet from the building. Do not delay to retrieve books or other personal items. Do not use elevators. Do not touch suspicious objects. Stay clear of the building once outside. Faculty should take class rosters if possible and account for all students at evacuation locations. Report any special assistance needed to CVCC faculty/staff or to emergency personnel. If you are aware or suspect someone is trapped in a threatened building, notify CVCC faculty/staff or emergency personnel. Remain at your building evacuation location until further instructions are provided by CVCC administration or by emergency personnel. In case of bomb threat, avoid using cell phones and wireless devices; this may detonate the bomb.
Smoke, Fire or Hazardous Materials
Activate the nearest fire alarm. Before attempting to fight a fire, notify someone nearby. Never attempt to fight a fire larger than wastebasket size. Close doors and windows to isolate the problem if the situation permits. If trapped in a building during a fire, use wet towels or cloths to protect you from flames and smoke. Stop/drop/roll if your clothes catch on fire. Do not open doors that feel hot. Always stay between the fire and an exit. Stay low to the floor as you try to exit.
Personal Emergencies
Unless you feel threatened, stay with the victim until emergency personnel arrive. Avoid contact with bodily fluids. Stay calm and try to minimize panic. If the person is conscious, ask if he/she is a High School student (if so, include this information in your 911 call).
Emergency Procedures Revised: August 15, 2019
Cell phone backup to 711 Campus Safety & Security can be reached at: 828-327-7000 ext. 0